Higher than sex: The riddle of aviatrix Beryl Markham
The marvellous accomplishments of Beryl Markham’s are manifold. Ernest Hemingway’s admiration of her memoir and disdain for her character, her possession of the first commercial pilot’s licence in Kenya, her being first female licenced horse trainer in Kenya, and her triumphant, difficult, pioneering flight against the prevailing winds from England to North America are amongst the sagas that render Markham an enthralling, awe-inspiring character.
West with the Night (1943) is Markham’s memoir, however her third husband, a Hollywood ghostwriter, claimed it as his own work after their divorce. After falling out of print, the book was rediscovered thanks to a comment by Hemingway in his published letters and subsequently republished in 1983, drawing great critical attentions and topping bestseller lists. A decade later Markham’s first biographer, Errol Trzebinski, reinforced the claim.
The full quote from Hemingway to his publisher friend reads:
“Did you read Beryl Markham’s book, West With The Night? …She has written so well, and marvellously well, that I was completely ashamed of myself as a writer. I felt that I was simply a carpenter with words, picking up whatever was furnished on the job and nailing them together and sometimes making an okay pig pen. But this girl, who is to my knowledge very unpleasant and we might even say a high-grade bitch, can write rings around all of us who consider ourselves as writers … it really is a bloody wonderful book.”
Hemingway seems astounded and almost a little gleeful that such an ‘unpleasant’ woman has turned out such a spectacular writer. The praise is gushing and the self-deprecation unusual in Hemingway’s discussion of another living writer. If Markham was not the sole mind involved in the creation of the work, then, and if she willingly deceived the press into believing the piece her work and her work only, an unfortunate rupture is created in her tale.
A restaurateur named George Gutekunst was advised by Hemingway’s son to have a look at the father’s published letters, and from the above sought a copy of the memoir, which then shot to success with the quotation (sans insults) proudly on its blurb. It seems to me highly probable that Raoul Schumacher (the husband) did indeed string together the sentences that form Markham’s book, yet it also seems to me that this creates yet another facet of fascination with the now deceased Markham, and that it is more interesting to imagine the apparently unpleasant, demanding and selfish character sitting down with her husband to compose a book.
Her story is astonishing: her childhood talents for hunting with a nearby tribe, her lifelong passion and prowess with horses and her prominence within the aviation world all demonstrate an indefatigably competitive woman. Unfortunately, the common interpretations of her character are either as a despicable woman:
“She was a positively awful wife and an almost criminally negligent mother. She never even bothered to meet her two grandchildren. “
According to a 1987 biography, Straight on Till Morning, by British writer, Mary S. Lovell, she was as ‘promiscuous as an Able Seaman on shore leave.’ ..or as a paragon of female freedom, her infidelities and solo successes celebrated as a woman against men.
Markham’s accomplishments and personality, then, are continually analysed through her femininity. It seems a shame, as almost any post that you can find about her will state, that her figure has become marginalised in aviation history and it also appears that this is through the difficulty of defining her as exemplary in either a positive or negative light. Her life was full and extreme. She had many lovers and three marriages, the first at age sixteen. Her transatlantic flight was a result of a dinner party chat whilst Markham had no plane; another guest offered her one of his, on the condition that she made this journey and she promptly obliged.
Looking at the frame and not the picture
When she emerged from the feat she was an acclaimed hero, despite landing in a bog rather than New York City, and despite being mapless and radio-less in a near-failing plane. In her jobs, both equine and aviatory, she was always a world-class, record-breaking pioneer. To me it is these parallel successes that are the most phenomenal thing about Markham, and the fact that she was a tempestuous woman, whether likeable or not, is merely a fabulous narrative framework within which to situate these achievements.
The authorship controversy, too, is fascinating yet seems to have been detrimental to Markham’s image and renown rather than a part of these. If Schumacher wrote the book the narrative perspective is nonetheless so utterly and entirely Markham’s that she desired to proclaim the text her own. Now, autobiographies can ever-increasingly be assumed to be the work of ghostwriters, and that Markham’s ghostwriter was her own husband surely situates the text more intimately with her self and makes it all the more intriguing as a historical document. In terms of content it seems that Markham made omissions in order to exaggerate her accomplishments (for example neglecting to mention the siblings that shared her wild childhood) but it has never been argued that the exploits that are detailed contain untruths.
Higher than sex
My contention is that the relatively minor place of the autobiography in literary history is a similar case to Markham’s marginalisation in aviator history. Both are slightly too vastly full of possibility and excitement, and no work has ever been done which thoroughly and fairly situates them. Nonetheless I suspect that the fact that the brilliance of both the book and the woman have been unable historically to speak for themselves remains unfortunately due largely to the gendered approach that people have taken to both.
By Emily McCarthy
Writer, tutor and research student of the Wellcome Trust’s utopias, built and unbuilt, at the London Consortium
Follow my vapour trail on Twitter: @Hush_kit
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Your seeming acceptance of the idea that Markham’s husband, rather than Markham, wrote “West With the Night” is based purely on heresay … the disgruntled husband’s claim vs. any real proof. Even if he was involved – more probably as an editor than a ghostwriter – virtually all published authors have relied (and some, like Thomas Wolfe or Harper Lee, to name but two, have relied very heavily) on skilled editors to pull their works together prior to publication. Your reiteration of criticisms of her without reliable sources or references does this remarkable woman an injustice.
It’s my gut feeling that Beryl Markham wrote her own work, and it needed editing like any writer’s work would!! I’ve always admired Markham for her accomplishments. I believe she wouldn’t have been so harshly criticized if she had been a man! Unfortunately, women are always judged and interpreted through the “femininity” and “gender” lenses. Markham was an extraordinary person – her strong will, determination and amazing bravery are impressive.
There is more proof that she wrote it herself than than there is that she didn’t.
The work is, stylistically, a rare literary gem …Hemingway’s comments carry a great deal of respect!
As student of the Art (where Prose is concerned), I find it essentially irrelevant whether “West With The Night” was penned by Beryl Markham herself or ghost-written by her husband. If Earnest Hemingway’s praise means anything, it’s worth can be summed-up in how ashamed and dejected he felt as a writer.
I’ve often wished Charlize Theron (also a South African, like Markham) would buy the story and bring it to screen – she can do it justice.
(I also think that Beryl clearly did not write her own book, and have always suspected it was her ex, because wh else would all sexual history be omitted/eliminated? There isn’t even any FLIRTING. She was a beautiful woman who attracted many men – it defies imagination that such an accomplished woman, with writing also one of her gifts, would just leave out this very important angle of her life)
I would only comment that even if her husband was involved in the authoring of the book, there would be zero material for it without Markham’s extraordinary life. So it’s rather a moot point.
As I was reading, it occurred to me more than once that for someone with very little formal education BM had an extraordinary English vocabulary. She also referenced many historical, scientific and classical facts. Now, she could have been self-educated but by her own admission she was not interested in “book learning” from an early age. It was also odd that she never wrote anything else. When I learned that her ex-husband, a Hollywood ghost writer, claimed to be the real author it all made perfect sense. Yes, the book uses her experiences as a framework but I find it very easy to believe she never sat down with pencil and paper or at a typewriter long enough to write this memoir.